Photoreceptors are specialized cells in the retina that convert light into electrical signals. There are two main types:
1. Rods
- Function: Responsible for vision in low light conditions (scotopic vision) and peripheral vision.
- Distribution: Highly concentrated in the peripheral retina.
- Sensitivity: More sensitive to light than cones but do not detect color.
2. Cones
- Function: Responsible for color vision and high-acuity vision in bright light conditions (photopic vision).
- Distribution: Concentrated in the central retina, particularly in the fovea.
- Types: There are three types of cones, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light:
- S-cones (short-wavelength): Sensitive to blue light.
- M-cones (medium-wavelength): Sensitive to green light.
- L-cones (long-wavelength): Sensitive to red light.
Together, rods and cones enable us to perceive a wide range of light intensities and colors, contributing to our overall visual experience.
