Orbital cellulitis is a serious infection of the tissues surrounding the eye, posterior to the orbital septum. It’s often caused by bacterial infections, typically Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Symptoms

1. Severe swelling: Redness, swelling, and warmth around the eye.
2. Pain: Significant pain, especially with eye movement.
3. Vision problems: Blurred vision, double vision, or loss of vision.
4. Fever: High fever, often accompanied by chills.
5. Proptosis: Bulging of the eye.

Causes

1. Sinusitis: Spread of infection from sinuses.
2. Trauma: Direct inoculation of bacteria through a wound.
3. Hematogenous spread: Infection spread through the bloodstream.

Complications

1. Vision loss: Permanent vision loss if left untreated.
2. Intracranial complications: Infection can spread to the brain, leading to meningitis or abscesses.
3. Cavernous sinus thrombosis: Blood clot in the cavernous sinus.

Treatment

1. Antibiotics: Intravenous antibiotics to treat the bacterial infection.
2. Hospitalization: Often requires hospitalization for close monitoring.
3. Surgery: May be necessary to drain abscesses or relieve pressure.

If you suspect orbital cellulitis, seek immediate medical attention from a healthcare professional or an optometrist. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent serious complications.