Eagleview Eye Clinic

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COLLAGEN CROSS LINKING

👨‍⚕️ Collagen cross-linking is a treatment for keratoconus and corneal ectasia.

How it works:

  1. Riboflavin drops: Applied to cornea
  2. UV light: Activates riboflavin
  3. Cross-linking: Strengthens corneal tissue

Benefits:

  1. Stops progression: Prevents further thinning
  2. Improves vision: Stabilizes cornea
  3. Delays transplant: Alternative to surgery

Procedure:

  1. Remove epithelium: Optional
  2. Apply riboflavin: Soak cornea
  3. UV light exposure: 10-30 minutes
  4. Healing: Bandage lens or drops

Risks:

  1. Pain: Post-procedure discomfort
  2. Infection: Rare
  3. Haze: Temporary vision issue
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE TRANSPLANT

👨‍⚕️ Amniotic membrane transplant is a surgical procedure where amniotic membrane is grafted onto the eye’s surface.

Key uses:

  1. Corneal ulcers: Promotes healing
  2. Ocular surface disorders: Reduces inflammation
  3. Chemical burns: Aids reconstruction
  4. Pterygium surgery: Prevents recurrence

Benefits:

  1. Promotes healing: Stimulates tissue repair
  2. Reduces inflammation: Anti-inflammatory properties
  3. Pain relief: Covers nerve endings

Procedure:

  1. Prepare amniotic membrane: Processed and sterilized
  2. Apply to eye: Sutured or glued in place
  3. Healing process: Membrane dissolves or integrates
CORNEA REPAIR

👨‍⚕️ Cornea repair refers to treatments for corneal damage or disease. Options include:

Methods:

  1. Corneal transplant: Replace damaged tissue
  2. Corneal graft: Transplant healthy tissue
  3. LASIK/PRK: Reshape cornea for vision correction
  4. Collagen cross-linking: Strengthen corneal tissue
  5. Amniotic membrane transplant: Promote healing

Indications:

  1. Corneal ulcers: Infection or injury
  2. Keratoconus: Progressive thinning
  3. Scarring: Visual impairment
  4. Injury: Trauma or chemical burns

Goals:

  1. Restore vision: Improve clarity
  2. Relieve pain: Manage symptoms
  3. Prevent complications: Infection or further damage
LOCAL ANAESTHESIA

👨‍⚕️ Local anesthesia numbs a specific area, blocking pain signals to the brain. In eye care, it’s used for procedures like cataract surgery, corneal scraping, or injections.

Common agents:

  1. Lidocaine: Fast-acting, short duration
  2. Bupivacaine: Longer-lasting
  3. Proparacaine: Topical anesthetic for surface procedures

Administration:

  1. Topical drops: Surface anesthesia
  2. Injections: Subconjunctival or periocular blocks
  3. Gel or ointment: Prolonged effect

Effects:

  1. Numbness: Reduced pain sensation
  2. Muscle relaxation: Reduced eye movement
  3. Variable duration: Depends on agent and dose
LISAMINE GREEN STAINING

👨‍⚕️ Lissamine Green staining test assesses ocular surface damage, particularly conjunctival epithelial damage.

Procedure:

  1. Apply anesthetic drops (optional)
  2. Place Lissamine Green drops in eye
  3. Examine under white or blue light

Interpretation:

  • Staining pattern: Indicates damage location/severity
  • Scoring systems: Grade staining (e.g., Oxford scale)

Uses:

  1. Dry eye disease: Evaluates conjunctival staining
  2. Ocular surface disorders: Identifies damaged areas
  3. Conjunctival disorders: Assesses inflammation
ROSE BENGAL STAINING

👨‍⚕️ Rose Bengal is a diagnostic dye used to assess ocular surface damage. It’s a red, water-soluble dye that stains devitalized epithelial cells, mucus, and filaments.

Key uses:

  1. Dry eye disease: Stains damaged conjunctiva/cornea
  2. Corneal ulcers: Identifies infected areas
  3. Ocular surface disorders: Detects epithelial defects
  4. Keratitis: Assesses corneal inflammation

Procedure:

  1. Apply anesthetic drops (optional)
  2. Place Rose Bengal drops in eye
  3. Examine under white or blue light

Interpretation:

  • Staining pattern: Indicates damage location/severity
  • Scoring systems: Grade staining (e.g., Oxford scale)

Precautions:

  • Stains contact lenses/sclera (temporary)
  • Mild stinging sensation
  • Use cautiously in severe dry eye
FLOURESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY

👨‍⚕️ Fluorescein angiography is a diagnostic test that uses fluorescein dye and a specialized camera to visualize the retinal blood vessels.

Key uses:

  1. Diabetic retinopathy: Detects leakage, neovascularization
  2. Macular degeneration: Identifies abnormal blood vessels
  3. Retinal vascular occlusions: Diagnoses blockages
  4. Tumors: Highlights abnormal vessels

Procedure:

  1. Inject fluorescein dye into arm vein
  2. Take photographs as dye circulates
  3. Capture early and late-phase images

Findings:

  • Leakage: Dye escape from vessels
  • Blockage: Dark areas (hypofluorescence)
  • Neovascularization: Abnormal vessels

Precautions:

  • Nausea, yellow skin discoloration (temporary)
  • Allergic reactions (rare)
  • Pregnancy/breastfeeding: Use cautiously
FLOURESCEIN STAINING

👨‍⚕️ Fluorescein dye is a diagnostic tool used in eye exams. It’s a sterile, orange-tinted solution that highlights corneal defects, scratches, or foreign bodies under blue light.

Key uses:

  1. Corneal abrasions: Stains damaged areas green
  2. Foreign bodies: Helps locate objects
  3. Dry eye assessment: Measures tear breakup time
  4. Contact lens fitting: Evaluates lens fit
  5. Leakage detection: Identifies aqueous humor leaks

Procedure:

  1. Apply anesthetic drops
  2. Place fluorescein strip in eye
  3. Examine under cobalt blue light

Precautions:

  • Temporary discoloration of contact lenses/skin
  • Rare allergic reactions
CASE HISTORY

A case history is a detailed record of a patient’s medical history, symptoms, and treatment plan. For eye care, it includes:

Key components:

  1. Chief complaint: Patient’s main issue (e.g., blurred vision)
  2. History of present illness: Symptoms, duration, severity
  3. Medical history: Systemic conditions, medications
  4. Ocular history: Previous eye issues, surgeries
  5. Family history: Relevant eye conditions
  6. Social history: Lifestyle, occupation, habits
  7. Medications: Current medications, allergies

Purpose:

  1. Accurate diagnosis
  2. Personalized treatment plan
  3. Monitoring progress
REFRACTION

🔍 Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through different mediums (e.g., air, lens, cornea). In the eye, it focuses light onto the retina.

Types:

  1. Emmetropia: Normal vision.
  2. Myopia (nearsightedness): Blurred distance vision.
  3. Hyperopia (farsightedness): Blurred near vision.
  4. Astigmatism: Distorted vision.
  5. Presbyopia: Age-related near vision loss.

Tests:

  • Visual acuity: Snellen chart.
  • Autorefraction: Objective measurement.
  • Subjective tests: Lens power adjustment.

Corrections:

  • Glasses/contact lenses: Adjust refractive power.
  • Surgery: LASIK, PRK, etc.