This is genetic condition whereby abnormal materials are deposited between the layers of the cornea ( the outer black part of the eye).
This usually results in severe reduction in vision..
Treatment is strictly keratoplasty either penetrative or lamellar, depending on the layer of the cornea that is affected.
Epiretinal membrane also known as cellophane maculopathy or macular pucker is an avascular, Semi translucent, fibrocellular formed over the Retinal surface.
This membrane is caused by changes in vitreous integrity, retinal detachment et.c
This condition have been known to cause painless loss of vision.
Most of the time epiretinal membrane is asymptomatic but it can result in diplopia, metamorphopsia.
Treatment options involves surgical intervention.
SYNCHISIS scintillans, also known as cholesterol bulbi are yellowish deposits of fine cholesterol crystals in the vitreous body of the eye.
Usually SYNCHISIS scintillans is usually asymptomatic and is seen by accident.
It is most times usually as a result of degenerative changes of the vitreous due to age.
Treatment is usually by surgical procedure.
Difference between SYNCHISIS scintillans and asteroid hyalosis, is that while SYNCHISIS scintillans floats within the vitreous, asteroid hyalosis is fixed.
ANIRIDIA is simply the absence of a muscular structure called the Iris.
The iris forms the pupil which controls how light enters the eyes. The iris is also responsible for eye color. So incases of Aniridia, the eyes just appear black.
This condition can be congenital, affecting both eyes or traumatic due to a penetrating injury.
For some people Aniridia can result in a significant loss of vision, while for others visual reduction mild.
Use of contact lenses can help control light and improve vision. Use of photochromic glasses or sunshades can also help to significantly improve vision.
This condition is simply shingles that involves the eyes and surrounding areas.
This condition is caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus in the trigeminal ganglion supplying the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
Signs and symptoms includes characteristic rash on one side of the face, pain, itching, blurring vision and on rare cases keratitis.
Immunocompromised patients, patients who have had chicken pox in the past are at risk of contracting herpes zoster OPHTHALMICUS.
Treatment includes the use of antiviral tablets, and antiviral ointment, and anti- inflammatory drugs.
Optic neuritis is an inflammation of the optic nerves. The optic nerves are connections between the eye and the brain responsible for transmission of visual impulses between the two organs
This condition is caused by autoimmune ailments like multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis and viral infections like shingles , chicken pox et.c
This condition is sight threatening, especially if not treated early.
Signs and symptoms includes pain on eye movement, reduced vision, defective colour vision, eye pain.
Treatment involves treating underlying conditions, and the use of corticosteroids.
Blow out fracture occurs when one or more of the seven bones surrounding the eye ( eye socket) breaks.
This usually occur when there a blunt trauma like punch, baseball smack to the face/the eyes.
This condition can also occur during a road traffic accident.
Signs and symptoms includes eye pain, double vision, reduced vision, pain on eye movement, et.c.
Treatment involves the use of systemic anti-inflammatory medications and in situations where you have a break in the orbital floor, surgery may be required.
Ocular toxoplasmosis is an inflammation caused by the plasmodium toxoplasmosis gondii. This condition is also known as cat scratch disease.
Risk factors include patients with HIV/AIDS, patients that did organ transplant, patients that keep pet cats et.c.
Causes includes ingesting contaminated food, coming in contact with cat and dog faeces during gardening, ingesting contaminated food ( especially improperly cooked meat).
Signs and symptoms includes visual reduction, eye pain, swollen lymph nodes, floaters, cloudy vision.
Treatment involves the use of anti- infectives and steroids.
If this condition is not treated , it can result in irreversible Blindness.
Myasthenia gravis occurs when the nerves are unable to give signals to the muscles to perform specific actions e.g standing, gripping an object, opening your mouth and eyes etc.
CAUSES: It is an autoimmune condition. That is the body’s immune system attacks the Healthy body structures or tissues mistaking it for an infectious or foreign particle
It can also be caused by an overaction or tumour of the thymus gland.
There are usually three types of Myasthenia gravis and they are 1. Autoimmune Myasthenia gravis 2. Neonatal MG 3. Congenital MG. The first one affects women of ages between 20 and 40 and men above 60yrs of age. while the last two affects babies
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Normally for muscular activity to occur, the nerve release a substance called acetylcholine. This acetylcholine travels and binds itself to the receptors on the muscle site and trigger a contraction of the muscle
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Difficulty sitting up, difficulty opening the mouth and eyes, difficulty lifting hands, difficulty breathing
When the body’s antibodies destroys all the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle site. The acetylcholine will not be able to bind to any receptor to trigger muscular contraction
TREATMENT : For auto immune myasthenia gravis, there is usually no cure. But it’s usually advised that the patient gets enough rest.
MG crisis is triggered when the individual is stressed, hence rest is advised so that the muscles can gain strength.
Myasthenia gravis occurs when the nerves are unable to give signals to the muscles to perform specific actions e.g standing, gripping an object, opening your mouth and eyes etc.
CAUSES: It is an autoimmune condition. That is the body’s immune system attacks the Healthy body structures or tissues mistaking it for an infectious or foreign particle.
It can also be caused by an overaction or tumour of the thymus gland.
There are usually three types of Myasthenia gravis and they are 1. Autoimmune Myasthenia gravis 2. Neonatal MG 3. Congenital MG. The first one affects women of ages between 20 and 40 and men above 60yrs of age. while the last two affects babies.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Normally for muscular activity to occur, the nerve release a substance called acetylcholine. This acetylcholine travels and binds itself to the receptors on the muscle site and trigger a contraction of the muscle.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS: Difficulty sitting up, difficulty opening the mouth and eyes, difficulty lifting hands, difficulty breathing.
When the body’s antibodies all the acetylcholine receptors on the muscle site. The acetylcholine will not be able to bind to any receptor to trigger muscular contraction.
TREATMENT : For auto immune myasthenia gravis, there is usually no cure. But it’s usually advised that the patient gets enough rests.
MG crisis is triggered when the individual is stressed, hence rest is advised so that the muscles can gain strength.