👨‍⚕️ Miotic drugs constrict the pupil (miosis) and reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Used for glaucoma, post-surgery, or counteracting mydriasis.

Common examples:

1. Pilocarpine (cholinergic)
   • Effect: 1–2 hours, lasts 4–8h.
   • Use: Open-angle glaucoma, miosis.
   • Side effects: Headache, dim vision, brow ache.
2. Carbachol (cholinergic)
   • Effect: Strong, longer-lasting.
   • Use: Glaucoma, post-op care.
   • Risk: Retinal detachment risk.
3. Acetylcholine (direct-acting)
   • Use: Intraocular surgery (short-acting).
4. Echothiophate (anticholinesterase)
   • Use: Chronic glaucoma.
   • Risk: Cysts, systemic toxicity.

Precautions:

• Night vision issues: Avoid driving in low light.
• Retinal risk: Check for detachment symptoms.
• Asthma/COPD: Caution (bronchospasm).
• Tapering: Avoid sudden stop.