Eagleview Eye Clinic

Tag Eyecare

EYEBETSOL N

👨‍⚕️ Betamethasone is a corticosteroid.

Uses:

  1. Inflammation: Reduces swelling and redness
  2. Allergies: Treats allergic reactions
  3. Eye conditions: Uveitis, scleritis, or post-surgery inflammation

Eye-related uses:

  1. Post-operative care: Reduces inflammation
  2. Uveitis: Treats eye inflammation
  3. Scleritis: Manages scleral inflammation

Forms:

  1. Eye drops: Topical application
  2. Injections: Periocular or intravitreal
EYE ANTIOXIDANTS

👨‍⚕️ Eye antioxidants help protect eyes from oxidative stress and damage.

Key antioxidants:

  1. Lutein: Found in retina, filters blue light
  2. Zeaxanthin: Protects macula
  3. Vitamin C: Supports collagen production
  4. Vitamin E: Protects cell membranes
  5. Zinc: Essential for retina health

Benefits:

  1. AMD prevention: Reduces risk
  2. Cataract prevention: May slow progression
  3. Eye health: Supports overall vision

Food sources:

  1. Leafy greens: Spinach, kale
  2. Colorful fruits: Berries, citrus
  3. Nuts and seeds: Almonds, sunflower seeds
  4. Fatty fish: Salmon, tuna
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE TRANSPLANT

👨‍⚕️ Amniotic membrane transplant is a surgical procedure where amniotic membrane is grafted onto the eye’s surface.

Key uses:

  1. Corneal ulcers: Promotes healing
  2. Ocular surface disorders: Reduces inflammation
  3. Chemical burns: Aids reconstruction
  4. Pterygium surgery: Prevents recurrence

Benefits:

  1. Promotes healing: Stimulates tissue repair
  2. Reduces inflammation: Anti-inflammatory properties
  3. Pain relief: Covers nerve endings

Procedure:

  1. Prepare amniotic membrane: Processed and sterilized
  2. Apply to eye: Sutured or glued in place
  3. Healing process: Membrane dissolves or integrates
LOCAL ANAESTHESIA

👨‍⚕️ Local anesthesia numbs a specific area, blocking pain signals to the brain. In eye care, it’s used for procedures like cataract surgery, corneal scraping, or injections.

Common agents:

  1. Lidocaine: Fast-acting, short duration
  2. Bupivacaine: Longer-lasting
  3. Proparacaine: Topical anesthetic for surface procedures

Administration:

  1. Topical drops: Surface anesthesia
  2. Injections: Subconjunctival or periocular blocks
  3. Gel or ointment: Prolonged effect

Effects:

  1. Numbness: Reduced pain sensation
  2. Muscle relaxation: Reduced eye movement
  3. Variable duration: Depends on agent and dose
ROSE BENGAL STAINING

👨‍⚕️ Rose Bengal is a diagnostic dye used to assess ocular surface damage. It’s a red, water-soluble dye that stains devitalized epithelial cells, mucus, and filaments.

Key uses:

  1. Dry eye disease: Stains damaged conjunctiva/cornea
  2. Corneal ulcers: Identifies infected areas
  3. Ocular surface disorders: Detects epithelial defects
  4. Keratitis: Assesses corneal inflammation

Procedure:

  1. Apply anesthetic drops (optional)
  2. Place Rose Bengal drops in eye
  3. Examine under white or blue light

Interpretation:

  • Staining pattern: Indicates damage location/severity
  • Scoring systems: Grade staining (e.g., Oxford scale)

Precautions:

  • Stains contact lenses/sclera (temporary)
  • Mild stinging sensation
  • Use cautiously in severe dry eye
FLOURESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY

👨‍⚕️ Fluorescein angiography is a diagnostic test that uses fluorescein dye and a specialized camera to visualize the retinal blood vessels.

Key uses:

  1. Diabetic retinopathy: Detects leakage, neovascularization
  2. Macular degeneration: Identifies abnormal blood vessels
  3. Retinal vascular occlusions: Diagnoses blockages
  4. Tumors: Highlights abnormal vessels

Procedure:

  1. Inject fluorescein dye into arm vein
  2. Take photographs as dye circulates
  3. Capture early and late-phase images

Findings:

  • Leakage: Dye escape from vessels
  • Blockage: Dark areas (hypofluorescence)
  • Neovascularization: Abnormal vessels

Precautions:

  • Nausea, yellow skin discoloration (temporary)
  • Allergic reactions (rare)
  • Pregnancy/breastfeeding: Use cautiously
CYCLOPLEGIC REFRACTION

Cycloplegic refraction is an eye exam that temporarily paralyzes the ciliary muscle, relaxing the eye’s focusing power. This helps determine the true refractive error, especially in children or those with accommodative esotropia.

Key uses:

  1. Accurate prescription for glasses or contact lenses
  2. Diagnosing amblyopia or strabismus
  3. Managing accommodative esotropia
MIOTIC DRUGS

👨‍⚕️ Miotic drugs constrict the pupil (miosis) and reduce intraocular pressure (IOP). Used for glaucoma, post-surgery, or counteracting mydriasis.

Common examples:

  1. Pilocarpine (cholinergic)
    • Effect: 1–2 hours, lasts 4–8h.
    • Use: Open-angle glaucoma, miosis.
    • Side effects: Headache, dim vision, brow ache.
  2. Carbachol (cholinergic)
    • Effect: Strong, longer-lasting.
    • Use: Glaucoma, post-op care.
    • Risk: Retinal detachment risk.
  3. Acetylcholine (direct-acting)
    • Use: Intraocular surgery (short-acting).
  4. Echothiophate (anticholinesterase)
    • Use: Chronic glaucoma.
    • Risk: Cysts, systemic toxicity.

Precautions:

  • Night vision issues: Avoid driving in low light.
  • Retinal risk: Check for detachment symptoms.
  • Asthma/COPD: Caution (bronchospasm).
  • Tapering: Avoid sudden stop.

MYDRIATIC DRUGS

👁️ Mydriatic drugs dilate the pupil (mydriasis) by relaxing the iris sphincter muscle. Used for exams, surgery, or treating inflammation.

Common examples:

  1. Phenylephrine (α-1 agonist)
    • Effect: Fast (30–60 min), short (3–6h).
    • Use: Diagnostic exams.
    • Risk: Hypertension, arrhythmia.
  2. Tropicamide (anticholinergic)
    • Effect: 30–45 min, lasts 4–6h.
    • Use: Routine dilation.
    • Risk: Blurred vision, photophobia.
  3. Atropine (strong, long-acting)
    • Effect: 1–2 weeks.
    • Use: Uveitis, amblyopia.
    • Risk: Prolonged blur, dry mouth.
  4. Cyclopentolate
    • Effect: 24–48h.
    • Use: Pediatric exams.
    • Risk: Behavioral changes in kids.

Precautions:

  • Avoid driving until pupils return to normal.
  • Glaucoma risk: Check IOP.
  • Monitor elderly/kids.
  • Side effects: Headache, stinging, dry eyes.

MACULA

The macula is a specialized region at the back of the eye, responsible for central vision and fine detail.

Key functions:

  1. Central vision
  2. Color vision
  3. Fine detail vision

Location:

The macula is located at the center of the retina, including the fovea.