👁️ Mydriatic drugs dilate the pupil (mydriasis) by relaxing the iris sphincter muscle. Used for exams, surgery, or treating inflammation.

Common examples:

1. Phenylephrine (α-1 agonist)
   • Effect: Fast (30–60 min), short (3–6h).
   • Use: Diagnostic exams.
   • Risk: Hypertension, arrhythmia.
2. Tropicamide (anticholinergic)
   • Effect: 30–45 min, lasts 4–6h.
   • Use: Routine dilation.
   • Risk: Blurred vision, photophobia.
3. Atropine (strong, long-acting)
   • Effect: 1–2 weeks.
   • Use: Uveitis, amblyopia.
   • Risk: Prolonged blur, dry mouth.
4. Cyclopentolate
   • Effect: 24–48h.
   • Use: Pediatric exams.
   • Risk: Behavioral changes in kids.

Precautions:

• Avoid driving until pupils return to normal.
• Glaucoma risk: Check IOP.
• Monitor elderly/kids.
• Side effects: Headache, stinging, dry eyes.