MYDRIATIC DRUGS

👁️ Mydriatic drugs dilate the pupil (mydriasis) by relaxing the iris sphincter muscle. Used for exams, surgery, or treating inflammation.

Common examples:

  1. Phenylephrine (α-1 agonist)
    • Effect: Fast (30–60 min), short (3–6h).
    • Use: Diagnostic exams.
    • Risk: Hypertension, arrhythmia.
  2. Tropicamide (anticholinergic)
    • Effect: 30–45 min, lasts 4–6h.
    • Use: Routine dilation.
    • Risk: Blurred vision, photophobia.
  3. Atropine (strong, long-acting)
    • Effect: 1–2 weeks.
    • Use: Uveitis, amblyopia.
    • Risk: Prolonged blur, dry mouth.
  4. Cyclopentolate
    • Effect: 24–48h.
    • Use: Pediatric exams.
    • Risk: Behavioral changes in kids.

Precautions:

  • Avoid driving until pupils return to normal.
  • Glaucoma risk: Check IOP.
  • Monitor elderly/kids.
  • Side effects: Headache, stinging, dry eyes.