Eagleview Eye Clinic

Tag eye Examination

RED GLASS TEST

The red glass test 👀 is a simple way to check for diplopia (double vision) and figure out if it’s caused by a muscle weakness (like a cranial nerve palsy).

How it works

  1. Patient wears red glass over one eye (usually right eye → red lens OD).
  2. Look at a point light source (e.g., penlight) in front.
  3. Ask: “How many lights do you see? What color(s)?”

What it shows

  • Normal: Sees one pink light (colors blend).
  • Diplopia: Sees one red + one white light.
    • Horizontal separation → lateral/medial rectus issue (CN VI or CN III).
    • Vertical/oblique separation → other muscles (e.g., superior oblique CN IV, superior/inferior rectus CN III).
  • Image location → helps localize the weak muscle (e.g., red image on right → right lateral rectus weakness).

Example

  • Patient sees red light on right + white on left → right lateral rectus palsy (CN VI).
  • Image is tilted/diagonal → likely a cyclovertical muscle issue.

Tips

  • Control fixation: Make sure they’re looking straight at the light.
  • Check gaze positions: Repeat in different directions → helps map out weakness.
  • Cover-uncover test can help confirm tropia/phoria.

Limitations

  • Subjective: Relies on patient description.
  • Doesn’t pinpoint cause → need extra tests (e.g., cover test, motility).

MALINGERER

A malingerer 😏 is someone who fakes or exaggerates symptoms (like vision problems) to avoid work, get compensation, or achieve another goal. In eye care, malingerers might claim blindness or poor vision in one eye to get glasses, avoid duties, or scam insurance.

Why it matters

  • Misdiagnosis risk: They might fool clinicians into unnecessary tests/treatments.
  • Resource drain: Wastes time/money on unneeded care.
  • Legal implications: Can lead to fraud investigations if deception is intentional.

How to spot it

  • Inconsistent test results (e.g., wildly different acuity on repeat checks).
  • Refusing simple vision checks (e.g., pinhole test).
  • Overly cooperative or hostile behavior (trying too hard to prove symptoms).
  • Secondary gain motive (e.g., avoiding work, seeking meds/compensation).

Tests for malingering

  • Fogging test: Blur vision in the “good” eye → forces use of the “bad” eye.
  • Red glass test: Assess inconsistencies in double-vision reporting.
  • Mirror test: Check if they “accidentally” react to seeing themselves.
  • Stereoacuity checks: Good stereopsis suggests better vision than claimed.

Management

  • Non-confrontational approach: Focus on function, not “you’re faking it.”
  • Behavioral observation: Look for inconsistencies over time.
  • Document carefully: Note subjective vs. objective findings.
  • Refer if needed: To a neuro-ophthalmologist or psychiatrist if underlying psych issues suspected.
CONTACT LENS CASE

A contact lens case 👓 is a must-have for storing and caring for your lenses. It’s used to hold your lenses in solution when you’re not wearing them. Here are some things to consider:

  • Type: Look for a case that’s easy to open, clean, and dry. Some cases have separate wells for each lens, while others have a single compartment.
  • Material: Most cases are made of plastic, but some are designed to be more hygienic or have antimicrobial properties.
  • Size: Choose a case that’s compact enough to fit in your bag or purse.

Some popular features include:

  • Screw-top or snap-on lids: Easy to use and secure.
  • Labelled compartments: Helps you keep track of which lens is which.
  • Ventilation: Some cases have vents to help dry the lenses or reduce bacterial growth.
CONTACT LENS SOLUTION

Contact lens solution is a must-have for anyone wearing reusable lenses! It’s used to clean, disinfect, and store your lenses, ensuring they stay safe and comfortable to wear. There are mainly two types: Multipurpose Solution and Hydrogen Peroxide Solution.

  • Multipurpose Solution: An all-in-one solution that cleans, rinses, disinfects, and stores your lenses. It’s super convenient and easy to use. Brands like Renu, Biotrue, and Opti-Free are popular options.
  • Hydrogen Peroxide Solution: A more thorough disinfecting option, but it requires a special case and neutralization process.

When choosing a solution, consider your lens type (soft or RGP), sensitivity, and specific needs (e.g., dry eyes). Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions and your eye care professional’s advice ¹ ² ³.

Some popular brands include:

  • Renu Multi-Purpose Solution: Great for sensitive eyes and all-day comfort.
  • Biotrue Hydration Plus: Offers extra moisture and cleaning power.
  • Opti-Free Express: Easy to use and effective against germs.
EMMETROPIZATION

Emmetropization is the eye’s natural tendency to adjust its focus so that light is properly focused on the retina, achieving clear vision without glasses.

How it works:

  • During childhood, the eye grows and the lens changes shape to match the eye’s length.
  • If the eye is too short or long, it can lead to refractive errors like myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness).
  • The brain and eye work together to fine-tune focus, but if this process is disrupted (like by too much near work), it can cause myopia progression.

Key points:

  • Critical period: Mainly happens in childhood and early teens.
  • Visual input matters: Clear vision encourages proper emmetropization; blurred or restricted vision can lead to refractive errors.
  • Myopia control: Treatments like low-dose atropine drops, orthokeratology lenses, or multifocal lenses aim to slow myopia by influencing this process.
MASKING CONTACT LENSES

Masking contact lenses (also called cosmetic or tinted lenses) are colored contacts used to change eye color or cover defects like corneal scars or irregularities.

Types:

  • Enhancement tints: Slight color to enhance natural eye color.
  • Opaque tints: Fully change eye color or cover abnormalities.
  • Prosthetic lenses: Specialized lenses for eyes with damage or disfigurement (e.g., after injury or to mask a scarred cornea).

Uses:

  • Cosmetic: Just to change how your eyes look.
  • Therapeutic: To help with light sensitivity (photophobia) or mask corneal scars.
  • Prosthetic: For eyes with irregularities to improve appearance.

They’re available with or without vision correction. Safety depends on proper fitting and hygiene — always get them from an eye care professional.

LASH EXTENSION ACCIDENT

Lash extension accidents can be super scary 😱! Here’s the lowdown:

If you got glue or an extension in your eye, you might experience:

  • Redness
  • Irritation or burning
  • Tearing or watery eyes
  • Blurry vision (temporary)
  • Swelling (in severe cases)

What to do:

  1. Flush your eye: Rinse with saline solution or water for a few minutes.
  2. Don’t touch or rub: Avoid touching or rubbing your eye.
  3. Remove the extension: If you can see it, gently try to remove it with clean fingers or tweezers. Don’t force it!
  4. Seek medical help: If symptoms persist or you’re unsure, consult an eye doctor ASAP.
Slow-k

👨‍⚕️ SLOW K is a potassium supplement.

Uses:

  1. Potassium deficiency: Treats or prevents low levels
  2. Hypokalemia: Manages low potassium
  3. Diuretic therapy: Replenishes potassium

Eye-related connection:

  1. Glaucoma treatment: Sometimes used with other meds

Notes:

  1. Monitor levels: Regular blood tests
  2. GI side effects: Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
COLLAGEN CROSS LINKING

👨‍⚕️ Collagen cross-linking is a treatment for keratoconus and corneal ectasia.

How it works:

  1. Riboflavin drops: Applied to cornea
  2. UV light: Activates riboflavin
  3. Cross-linking: Strengthens corneal tissue

Benefits:

  1. Stops progression: Prevents further thinning
  2. Improves vision: Stabilizes cornea
  3. Delays transplant: Alternative to surgery

Procedure:

  1. Remove epithelium: Optional
  2. Apply riboflavin: Soak cornea
  3. UV light exposure: 10-30 minutes
  4. Healing: Bandage lens or drops

Risks:

  1. Pain: Post-procedure discomfort
  2. Infection: Rare
  3. Haze: Temporary vision issue
AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE TRANSPLANT

👨‍⚕️ Amniotic membrane transplant is a surgical procedure where amniotic membrane is grafted onto the eye’s surface.

Key uses:

  1. Corneal ulcers: Promotes healing
  2. Ocular surface disorders: Reduces inflammation
  3. Chemical burns: Aids reconstruction
  4. Pterygium surgery: Prevents recurrence

Benefits:

  1. Promotes healing: Stimulates tissue repair
  2. Reduces inflammation: Anti-inflammatory properties
  3. Pain relief: Covers nerve endings

Procedure:

  1. Prepare amniotic membrane: Processed and sterilized
  2. Apply to eye: Sutured or glued in place
  3. Healing process: Membrane dissolves or integrates